How a DC motor works

How does a DC motor actually spin? ⚙️

The yellow toy motor, the fan, the drone, the RC car: most of them use a brushed DC motor. Inside are just 3 ideas:

1️⃣ MAGNETS + COIL: two magnets (N and S) make a magnetic field. A copper coil sits in the middle.
2️⃣ THE PUSH: send current through the coil and the field pushes the wire (F = B × I × L). One side goes UP, the other DOWN, so it turns.
⚠️ But with fixed wires it only turns half way and then just rocks at the top.
3️⃣ THE FLIP: the COMMUTATOR (split ring) + carbon BRUSHES flip the current in the coil every half turn, so the push never stops and it keeps spinning.

CONTROL: more volts = faster (3 V → 6 V ≈ 2× the speed). Swap the + and − wires = it spins the other way.

(Shown slowed down. Real motors use 3+ coils so they start smoothly from any position.)