Inside an Arduino Uno

You've seen this board. But what's actually INSIDE an Arduino Uno? 🔍

1. THE BRAIN: the ATmega328P chip. It runs your code at 16 MHz, keeps your program in 32 KB of flash and your variables in 2 KB of RAM.

2. USB PORT: your code goes in here. A small USB chip (ATmega16U2) translates it for the brain, and USB also powers the board with 5 V.

3. POWER: plug 7–12 V into the DC jack and the regulator turns it into a steady 5 V (plus 3.3 V for your sensors).

4. THE PINS: 14 digital pins (ON = 5 V, OFF = 0 V), 6 of them can fade with PWM, and 6 analog pins read any voltage from 0–5 V.

How it works: read an input → decide → set an output. loop() repeats this thousands of times every second.